Breath-Holding Spells (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth (2024)

What Is a Breath-Holding Spell?

A breath holding spell is when a child holds their breath, usually after being angry, frustrated, startled, or in pain. Sometimes the breath holding leads to the child passing out.

It can be frightening to watch a breath-holding spell, but they aren’t harmful and usually last less than a minute. Kids outgrow the spells without any treatment.

What Are the Types of Breath-Holding Spells?

There are two types of breath-holding spells:

  • If the child’s face turns blue, it’s called a cyanotic breath-holding spell. Usually the child cries very hard and then has the spell. Cyanotic breath-holding spells are usually caused by anger or frustration.
  • If the child’s face turns white, it’s called pallid breath-holding spell. The child may cry a little bit or not at all before having the spell. Pallid breath-holding spells are usually caused by the child being startled or in pain.

Both types of spells can make kids pass out for up to a minute. In the most extreme cases, kids might have seizures. Having a seizure does not cause any long-term harm or put a child at risk for a seizure disorder.

Breath-holding spells happen in healthy children from 6 months to 6 years old. They’re most common when kids are 6–18 months old, and tend to run in families.

What Causes Breath Holding Spells?

Children do not have breath-holding spells on purpose. They can’t control when they happen.

Doctors don’t know the exact cause of breath-holding spells. Sometimes, iron-deficiency anemia might cause them. Treating the anemia may help reduce the number of spells.

What Should I Do if My Child Has a Breath-Holding Spell?

If this is your child's first breath-holding spell, get medical care. Although the spells aren't harmful, it's good to get your child checked out.

If your child has a breath-holding spell:

  • Lay your child in the crib or on the floor.
  • Keep your child away from anything hard or sharp.
  • Stay with your child.

If your child passes out:

  • Try to stay calm and reassure yourself that your child is safe.
  • Check your child's mouth for food or any object that could cause choking.
  • Call 911 if your child remains blue or is not breathing for longer than a minute.

After the breath holding spell:

  • Reassure your child that everything is OK and that the spell is not their fault.

Can Breath-Holding Spells Be Prevented?

Your doctor can work with you on ways to try to limit your child’s spells. If your child typically has a breath-holding spell after crying, you can try to prevent your child from getting upset. For example, you can:

  • Make sure your child doesn’t get too tired or hungry.
  • Try to use calm discipline methods.

It’s can be hard to watch your child have a spell, but try not to give in to tantrums or unreasonable behavior just to prevent one. Talk to your doctor if you need help finding the best way to discipline your child.

Remind yourself that the breath-holding spells are not harmful and that your child will outgrow them. If you are very worried about the spells, talking to a mental health professional can help you find ways to cope.

Breath-Holding Spells  (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth (2024)

FAQs

Breath-Holding Spells (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth? ›

A breath holding spell is when a child holds their breath, usually after being angry, frustrated, startled, or in pain. Sometimes the breath holding leads to the child passing out. It can be frightening to watch a breath-holding spell, but they aren't harmful and usually last less than a minute.

How do you treat breath-holding spells in children? ›

There are no drugs or other treatments for these spells. Some studies suggest that anemia, or low levels of red blood cells, may be a culprit and that iron supplements may help. But more research is needed. The best thing to do is let your child lie on their side while they're out.

What age do kids outgrow breath-holding spells? ›

Up to 5% of children experience breath-holding spells. They can occur as early as 6 months and may continue until a child is 6 years old. The peak age for breath-holding spell is 2 years.

Do breath-holding spells run in families? ›

Breath-holding spells can run in families. Starts between 6 months and 2 years of age. Goes away by age 6. Many young children hold their breath when upset, turn blue, but don't pass out.

What age group is breath-holding spells for? ›

Breath-holding spells are a well described phenomenon1 known to occur mostly among children 6 to 18 months of age. Some reports suggest that these episodes can occur even later in childhood, up to 4 years of age. Almost 5% of the pediatric population might demonstrate such episodes.

Is there a cure for breath-holding spells? ›

It can be frightening to watch a breath-holding spell, but they aren't harmful and usually last less than a minute. Kids outgrow the spells without any treatment.

Why does my child have breath-holding spells? ›

Breath-holding spells most often occur when a child becomes suddenly upset or surprised. The child makes a short gasp, exhales, and stops breathing. The child's nervous system slows the heart rate or breathing for a short amount of time.

Are breath-holding spells linked to autism? ›

Researchers have sequestered the potentially fatal breath holding episodes associated with the autistic-spectrum disorder Rett syndrome. A group of researchers at the University of Bristol have sequestered the potentially fatal breath holding episodes associated with the autistic-spectrum disorder Rett syndrome.

Is forgetting to breathe an ADHD thing? ›

There's a new topic of research on the possible link between ADHD symptoms and breathing issues in children. "I think what we're discovering now is that some ADHD diagnoses may be actually be driven by the fact that a child can't breathe properly," says Roanoke dentist Dr. Paul Henny. Dr.

Can breath-holding spell lead to seizure? ›

Some children also have seizures during breath-holding spells. This does not mean they have a seizure disorder. Seizures are different from mild twitching, and they may cause a child to vomit or pass urine. They are more likely to occur in children who have long periods of breath-holding.

Is breath-holding a trauma response? ›

Breath-holding spells often happen after a trauma or an emotional upset. They occur most often in children under age 3.

Do breath-holding spells have long term effects? ›

Since breath-holding spells do not have any long-term effects, parents should be advised to minimize their attention to the episodes to keep the child from developing behavioral problems.

Is breath-holding hereditary? ›

Breath-holding spells are more common in children with: Genetic conditions, such as Riley-Day syndrome or Rett syndrome. Iron deficiency anemia. A family history of breath-holding spells (parents may have had similar spells when they were children)

How do you fix breathing problems in children? ›

Parents can make them more comfortable using a cool-mist humidifier or taking them outside into cool air, a particularly useful strategy for relieving the labored breathing of croup, Dr. Pickens says. It also may be easier for them to breathe sitting up than lying down.

What is the difference between breath-holding spells and apnea? ›

Breath-holding spells (BHS) are the occurrence of episodic apnea in children, possibly associated with loss of consciousness, and changes in postural tone. Breath-holding spells occur in approximately 5% of the population with equal distribution between males and females.

How do you stop holding your breath unconsciously? ›

Contract your belly fully, exhaling until you are completely empty. Do this 20 times (an inhale and exhale equals one rep). “When you move your breath toward the bottom part of your body, you'll actually feel relieved,” Vranich says.

How do you break a child's mouth breathing habit? ›

The options include:
  1. Breathing retraining and proper tongue posture to teach your child to breathe through their nose.
  2. Management of allergies, thumb sucking, and infections.
  3. Orthodontic treatment that involves fitting braces to guide jaw and teeth movement.
Jun 11, 2021

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