'Bowie bonds' - the singer's financial innovation (2024)

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'Bowie bonds' - the singer's financial innovation (1)Image source, Getty Images

By Tom Espiner

Business reporter, BBC News

David Bowie was a pop music icon to many, but how many people know he was also involved in innovation in the world of finance?

In the mid-1990s, David Bowie, his financial manager Bill Zysblat, and banker David Pullman came up with a new scheme to generate cash from Bowie's extensive back catalogue.

In 1997 Bowie sold asset-backed securities, dubbed "Bowie bonds", which awarded investors a share in his future royalties for 10 years.

The securities, which were bought by US insurance giant Prudential Financial for $55m (£38m), committed Mr Bowie to repay his new creditors out of future income, and gave a fixed annual return of 7.9%.

He struck a deal with record label EMI which allowed him to package up and sell bonds on royalties for 25 albums released between 1969 and 1990 - which included classics such as The Man Who Sold The World, Ziggy Stardust, and Heroes, according to the Financial Times.

Bowie used part of the $55m to buy out his former manager Tony DeFries, with whom he had split with in 1975, says music writer Paul Trynka.

Under pressure?

Mr Bowie's realisation in the 1970s that he didn't own all the rights to his catalogue - Mr DeFries reportedly owned up to 50%, on a sliding scale, in perpetuity, for music created up to a certain point - had caused Bowie to have a mental breakdown of sorts, Mr Trynka says.

"He had this psychological nose-dive - all this music he had suffered to create didn't [entirely] belong to him."

Mr Trynka says sources close to the deal suggested that the Bowie bonds allowed Mr Bowie to buy Mr DeFries out for more than $27m, but this amount has not been confirmed.

However the deal was split, it would have certainly helped Mr Bowie's finances.

The latest estimate of Bowie's net worth by the Sunday Times Rich List is £135m - putting him him joint 707th on the list, equal with pop star Robbie Williams, and Conservative Party co-treasurer Lord Lupton.

And that is before sales of Bowie's new album, Blackstar, which the Official Charts Company predicts will be number one on the album charts this week, and back catalogue sales following Bowie's death.

He sold around 150 million albums worldwide in his career, according to BPI stats.

Downgraded

The pioneering nature of Bowie bonds caught the imagination of all sorts of musicians.

Heavy metal monster Iron Maiden, funk and soul godfather James Brown, and Holland Dozier Holland, the song-writing team behind Motown records in the 1960s, were some of the artists to jump on the bandwagon.

Image source, AP

But just as some albums are more successful than others, innovations in debt investment can also have mixed fortunes.

In 2004 rating agency Moody's Investors Services downgraded Bowie bonds to only one level above "junk", the lowest rating, after a downturn in the music industry.

Mr Bowie had himself predicted the decline in traditional music sales, telling the New York Times in 2002 that music would become "like running water or electricity".

However, the bonds "worked out well for everyone", according to music industry finance expert Cliff Dane.

"Due to the particular nature of the security - the quality of the relevant Bowie songs and recordings - and the time and the place, it made very good economic sense for the investors, and for the company organising it."

The model wasn't necessarily good for all asset-backed financing, Mr Dane says: "Think of the later bundling of sub-prime mortgages."

Bowie's innovation lay in using intellectual property to back securities, says financial writer Chris O'Leary.

He adds that banks were already starting to package up assets like mortgages into a new type of security in the 1970s.

But the innovation of using unorthodox assets to back securities is still going strong, according to Reuters writer Neil Unmack, who said Mr Bowie's financial legacy is "hunky dory".

"The wider field of esoteric asset-backed securities kick-started by the Thin White Duke has a genuine future," he says.

Sales of non-traditional asset-backed debt made up 11% of the total last year, he says.

"The risks are high: assets with little history are hard to model and vulnerable to sudden changes in regulation or government intervention.

"But enough of them will succeed for Bowie's financial oddity to stay in fashion," he adds.

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'Bowie bonds' - the singer's financial innovation (2024)

FAQs

'Bowie bonds' - the singer's financial innovation? ›

In the mid-1990s, David Bowie, his financial manager Bill Zysblat, and banker David Pullman came up with a new scheme to generate cash from Bowie's extensive back catalogue. In 1997 Bowie sold asset-backed securities

asset-backed securities
An asset-backed security (ABS) is a security whose income payments, and hence value, are derived from and collateralized (or "backed") by a specified pool of underlying assets. The pool of assets is typically a group of small and illiquid assets which are unable to be sold individually.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Asset-backed_security
, dubbed "Bowie bonds", which awarded investors a share in his future royalties for 10 years.

Did people make money from Bowie Bonds? ›

In 1997, Bowie sold bonds worth $55 million, backed by the royalties from his catalog of songs. These bonds had an interest rate of 7.9% and were due to mature in 10 years. Over the course of their lifespan, the catalog continued to generate steady income, resulting in a profitable return for the bondholders.

Why did David Bowie issue bonds? ›

David Bowie used the proceeds from the bond sale to purchase old recordings of his music owned by his former manager. His rights to royalties from wholesale sales in the U.S. were securitized into bonds. In effect, by creating the bonds, he ultimately forfeited royalties for the life of the bond.

How did David Bowie changed the music industry? ›

He blurred genres, with an undeniable influence across the spectrum of Western music. Through his musical mashups, he influenced more modern musical genres than any other rock star, living or dead. Surprisingly, Bowie started his musical career in folk, with his self-titled debut album David Bowie (1967).

Can you still buy Bowie bonds? ›

The bonds have been retired. And Mr. Bowie's estate is now once again the sole owner of his music and its royalties.

Were Bowie Bonds successful? ›

The Bowie Bonds eventually fell victim to the economic problems plaguing the music industry. As CDs were replaced by MP3s and online streaming services, Moody's downgraded the investments and artists would struggle to replicate Bowie's initial success.

How much did David Bowie make from Bowie Bonds? ›

By forfeiting ten years worth of royalties, Bowie was able to receive a payment of US$55 million up front; Bowie used this income to buy songs owned by his former manager. Bowie's combined catalog of albums covered by this agreement sold more than 1 million copies annually at the time of the agreement.

Why did David Bowie not have a funeral? ›

Quietly, Bowie had made funeral arrangements for a direct cremation in advance and was cremated in secret shortly after his death as he wanted to “go without any fuss”.

Were Bowie bonds a good investment? ›

Stability and Returns: One of the key attractions of Bowie Bonds was their reliable and consistent returns. The bonds offered a fixed interest rate of 7.9% over a ten-year period, which was considered quite attractive compared to other investment options available at the time.

What did David Bowie struggle with? ›

In the second half of the 1970s, Bowie's addiction caused numerous slips as he repeatedly tried to get clean. During this period, he experienced guilt, shame and bouts of deep depression, thought to be caused in part by the side effects of cocaine withdrawal.

Why was David Bowie innovative? ›

Bowie did not rely on his own genius, he constantly sought fresh stimuli by collaborating with different people. Most collaborations led to innovations in style and musical direction. He could easily have cruised along simply recycling his early hits. Instead he kept looking for fresh ideas.

What did David Bowie innovate? ›

He even had invented a new language for his 1977 song, Subterraneans. In 1996, he pioneered the Internet-only release of a song, Telling Lies. A year later, he went further; Bowie launched his own Internet service, Bowienet, the first music artist to become an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Why was Bowie so important? ›

He is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, and his music and stagecraft had a significant impact on popular music.

Who gets David Bowie's royalties? ›

David Bowie: Singer's estate sells rights to his entire body of work to WCM.

Are bonds still worth anything? ›

High-quality bond investments remain attractive. With yields on investment-grade-rated1 bonds still near 15-year highs,2 we believe investors should continue to consider intermediate- and longer-term bonds to lock in those high yields.

How does JKBX work? ›

A new music investing startup called JKBX lets fans share in their favorite musicians' success by allowing people to buy securities whose value derives from an artist's streaming royalties.

Who benefited from David Bowie's estate? ›

In his will, Bowie left half of his assets to his surviving wife, and the remaining half split equally to his children. He also left $2 million to an assistant and $1 million to a nanny.

Who makes money from bonds? ›

A bond is a loan that the bond purchaser, or bondholder, makes to the bond issuer. Governments, corporations and municipalities issue bonds when they need capital. An investor who buys a government bond is lending the government money. If an investor buys a corporate bond, the investor is lending the corporation money.

Who profits from bonds? ›

In return for buying the bonds, the investor – or bondholder– receives periodic interest payments known as coupons. The coupon payments, which may be made quarterly, twice yearly or annually, are expected to provide regular, predictable income to the investor..

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