Note:The Department of Education revised the rules on Pay Ahead Status as of January 28, 2020. The new policy is a win for borrowers going for PSLF, but there are still catches. Make sure you read below.
Today I want to share a scary reminder about why it's so important to be diligent and accurate when it comes to making payments on your student loans - especially if you're planning on applying for a student loan forgiveness program such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness.
It involves something called "Pay Ahead Status". This is what happens when you're amazing at paying your student loans and you pay extra each month.
You'd think that paying extra each month on your student loans is a good thing. And sometimes it is. But I've found that it can also cause a lot of problems for borrowers if you're looking to take advantage of student loan forgiveness programs.
Table of Contents
How Does Pay Ahead Status Work?
How Does Pay Ahead Status Impact Student Loan Forgiveness?
Two Scenarios of Pay Ahead Status
How To Appeal If You're A Victim
How Does Pay Ahead Status Work?
If you have a Federal student loan, and you pay more than the minimum due, that extra payment is applied to your next payment. This is called "Pay Ahead Status".
For example, let's say your monthly student loan bill is $150, and this month, you pay $200. That extra $50 payment is then credited against your next bill. When it comes in the mail, it will show $100 as the amount due.
The rules are the same for all Federal student loan servicers, because Federal loan rules are dictated by Congress and the Department of Education. When you pay extra, your payment is applied in the same way every time: Fees > Interest > Principal.
The only thing you and your servicer can control is how your extra payment changes the due date of your next regular payment. By default, extra payments push that due date forward, making your next month payment amount less than your "installment" payment, and even $0.
Your payment is applied the same no matter what, and by letting the due date roll forward, you just build yourself a cushion of time when you don't HAVE to pay. You might never need it, but a month or two of no payments could come in handy if you have a personal emergency.
How Does Pay Ahead Status Impact Student Loan Forgiveness?
That doesn't sound too bad, right? Well, what if you're planning on applying for student loan forgiveness on a program like PSLF? Here's where the real problems start.
Public Service Loan Forgiveness has three requirements:
- Have Direct Student Loans
- Be On A Qualifying Repayment Plan
- Make 120 Qualifying Payments While Employed At A Qualifying Public Service Entity
For PSLF purposes, a qualifying payment means a full payment based on your repayment plan installment amount. If you don't make a full payment, that payment won't count as qualifying. And here's where Pay Ahead Status could cause problems.
Note: here's where the rules were updated in January 2020. According to the Department of Education, it's also retroactive.
Let's say your full payment amount is $150. If you pay $200 one month - that payment counts. However, the next month, your invoice amount will reduce to $100. Prior to January 2020, this didn't count. The new rule change now allows this to count.
Two Scenarios of Pay Ahead Status
There are two main scenarios of Pay Ahead Status.
- You make an extra payment, and your following month payment is a dollar amount greater than $0
- You make an extra payment, and your following month payment is $0
Greater Than $0 Payments
The new rule basically says that as long as you made a payment greater than $0, even if you're in pay ahead status, they will count that payment towards PSLF.
Going back to the above example, your installment amount is $150. You pay $200. The following month your payment due is $100. Since that $100 is greater than $0, this payment would still count towards PSLF.
$0 Payments
This scenariois still a problem. If your pay ahead status caused your following month payment to be $0, that paymentdoesn't count for PSLF.
For example, your installment payment is $150. You pay $300. That makes your following month payment due $0. This payment would NOT count towards PSLF.
The bottom line is simple: if you're planning on getting loan forgiveness, DO NOT pay extra towards your loans.
How To Appeal If You're A Victim
If you find yourself in this situation, know that the Department of Education is looking at the problem, and most loan servicers are aware of it. However, given the loan servicers don't have an incentive to resolve it, you'll be challenged to get it fixed.
We've found the following steps to be helpful (although still a struggle) to get any payments in Pay Ahead Status to qualify. In the situation above, it took our reader about 6 months to get a resolution from Fedloan Servicing. They eventually allowed all the pay ahead payments he made to count towards PSLF.
Step 1. Contact Your Lender And Remove Pay Ahead Status: If you find yourself in pay ahead status, get it removed immediately. Then, ask them to make any payments count towards PSLF.
If you've already filed your certification paperwork for PSLF, your loan will typically be serviced by Fedloan Servicing. They should help you with this process.
Step 2. Speak To A Fedloan Borrower Servicing Advocate: If you're not getting anywhere with the phone rep, you need to ask to be transferred to a borrower servicing advocate. These are better trained individuals who can help get the situation resolved.
Step 3. Speak To PHEAA Consumer Borrower Advocate: If you still can't get anywhere with FedLoan, you can contact their parent company PHEAA and speak to a consumer borrower advocate. PHEAA directly has a contract with the Department of Education for the loan servicing, so they may be able to better assist you.
Step 4. Contact The Department Of Education Student Loan Ombudsman. The Department of Education maintains an Ombudsman program designed to help borrowers struggling with their loan servicers. The challenging part is that many Ombudsman functions have been outsourced to a third-party company as well, but they are still a good resource to speak to and ensure they have documentation of the issue.
Step 5. Contact The Consumer Finance Protection Bureau: Over the last few years, we've seen the best results for borrowers come when they contact the CFPB. The CFPB is highly engaged in resolving student loan servicing issues, and they should be able to help cut through some of the bureaucracy.
If you're still struggling to get answers, it could also make sense to speak to a student loan lawyer regarding your situation. Given that the value of loan forgiveness can be high, it might be worth paying a lawyer yo help you get this resolved. Make sure you find a lawyer that is an expert in student loan debt issues.
