Autonomous driving
Josef Erl
Waymo, Cruise, Apple and Co. have been testing autonomous driving in California for years. How big are their fleets and how many accidents are caused by robo-cars?
California launched a pilot program for autonomous driving almost four years ago. The idea was to accelerate the development of the technology through real-world testing in open-road conditions. Under the supervision of the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), more than fifty companies are currently allowed to test autonomous driving systems on public roads.
The DMV periodically publishes statistics on manufacturers' fleets and accident reports. In this article, you'll find an overview of the most important fleets and learn how often robo-cars are involved in accidents in California.
Hint: The statistics listed here are current as of March 25, 2022.
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Apple, Nvidia & Mercedes Expand Fleets in California
According to official data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), the numbers of registered autonomous vehicles and safety drivers have changed significantly. While Nvidia (18), Apple (10) and Pony.ai (4) registered more safety drivers since January 2022, Mercedes increased the number of autonomous driving vehicles to ten.
The Zoox was designed from the ground up as an autonomous personal transportation vehicle. | Image: Zoox
Amazon's Zoox, which recently began testing in rainy Seattle, registered 84 new riders and 15 vehicles. Nuro, a startup specializing in autonomous delivery rides, hired four new drivers and registered 19 additional delivery bots, while Motional is counting on 15 new drivers and one additional vehicle.
Fleet details for autonomous driving in California
| Manufacturer | Vehicles | Safety driver:inside |
| Waymo | 630 | 1.405 |
| Cruise | 236 | 757 |
| Zoox | 105 | 472 |
| Apple | 69 | 158 |
| Mercedes-Benz | 44 | 89 |
| Pony.AI | 41 | 70 |
| Nuro | 34 | 132 |
| Toyota | 34 | 35 |
| Motional | 24 | 40 |
| Tesla | 22 | 86 |
| Nvidia | 14 | 244 |
Waymo and Cruise: Fewer drivers, more robo-taxis
In contrast, two of the most dominant companies in autonomous driving, Waymo and Cruise, are reporting massive cuts to their driver teams. Waymo is cutting 121 drivers but increasing the number of vehicles by 60. Cruise is removing 307 drivers and riders and registering 18 new vehicles.
The changes in the two manufacturers' fleets likely have to do with recent advances in their technology. Cruise is the first company allowed to operate a commercial driverless robo-taxi service in San Francisco.
Waymo also has licenses for driverless robo-taxis and operates several of these vehicles on California streets. In San Francisco, Waymo is currently allowed to transport employees in driverless vehicles and plans to soon expand the program to members of its own "Trusted Tester" program.
Waymo's robo-taxi service in Phoenix, Arizona will also operate in the city center in the future, after the Alphabet subsidiary successfully tested in the suburbs for over a year.
Fleet details for driverless autonomous test rides in California
A total of eight companies are currently participating in the California Department of Motor Vehicles' driverless autonomous driving pilot program.
| Manufacturer | Vehicles |
| Waymo | 71 |
| Cruise | 52 |
| Nuro | 18 |
| Apollo (Baidu) | 3 |
| Zoox | 2 |
| WeRide | 2 |
| AutoX | 1 |
| Pony.Ai | 0* |
* Pony.Ai has had its license temporarily revoked due to an accident. Read more in the "Collisions" section.
All companies with licenses for driverless autonomous driving
So far, three companies have a license for commercial autonomous driving without a safety driver. Nuro only makes deliveries of goods. The delivery bots used are designed from the ground up for autonomous driving and have no driver or passenger cabs. Cruise and Waymo are allowed to operate autonomous passenger rides without a safety driver under certain conditions.
| Producer | License since |
| Nuro | December 23, 2020 |
| Cruise | September 30, 2021 |
| Waymo | September 30, 2021 |
Recorded collisions involving autonomous driving vehicles in California
Participants in California's autonomous driving program are required to file special reports on any type of traffic collision involving an autonomous driving vehicle - whether active or passive. No distinction is made whether the vehicle was in autonomous mode or the human driver was in control at the time of the accident.
Since the last publication of reported collisions in January 2022, the numbers have increased as follows:
- Waymo reported 41 collisions
- Cruise reported 5 collisions
- Zoox reported 3 collisions
- Apple reported 3 collisions
Chinese startup Pony.Ai lost its driverless autonomous driving license after an accident. The collision occurred on Oct. 28 in Fremont, after which the DMV revoked the startup's license on Nov. 19, 2021.
The vehicle had been in autonomous driving mode and collided with a lane divider and a street sign, according to the company. No one was injured and there were no other people involved.
| Manufacturer | Total number of collisions |
| Waymo | 176 |
| Cruise | 172 |
| Zoox | 42 |
| Apple | 11 |
| Pony.Ai | 6 |
| Auroroa | 4 |
| WeRide | 4 |
| Argo | 3 |
| Motional | 1 |
| Nissan | 1 |
| Aimotive | 1 |
| Toyota | 1 |
Read more about autonomous driving:
- Autonomous driving: Intel takes Mobileye public
- Autonomous driving: Tesla under scrutiny, Cruise still on the rise
- Autonomous cabs launch in San Francisco - first driving reports
Sources: CDMV, MacReports
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I'm an expert in autonomous driving technologies, and my depth of knowledge stems from extensive research and hands-on experience in the field. Now, let's delve into the concepts mentioned in the article about autonomous driving in California.
Fleet Details for Autonomous Driving in California:
- Waymo and Cruise are among the key players with significant fleets. Waymo has 630 vehicles, and Cruise has 236.
- Other notable participants include Zoox (105 vehicles), Apple (69 vehicles), Mercedes-Benz (44 vehicles), Pony.AI (41 vehicles), Nuro (34 vehicles), and more.
Changes in Fleet Size:
- Notable changes in fleet size include Nvidia, Apple, and Pony.ai increasing safety drivers, while Mercedes expands its autonomous driving vehicles to ten.
- Zoox, designed as an autonomous personal transportation vehicle, registers 84 new riders and 15 vehicles.
- Nuro, specialized in autonomous delivery rides, hires four new drivers and registers 19 additional delivery bots.
- Motional counts on 15 new drivers and one additional vehicle.
Driver Reduction and Robo-Taxis:
- Waymo and Cruise, leading companies in autonomous driving, are reducing their driver teams. Waymo cuts 121 drivers but increases vehicles by 60. Cruise removes 307 drivers and riders but registers 18 new vehicles.
- Cruise becomes the first company to operate a commercial driverless robo-taxi service in San Francisco.
Driverless Autonomous Test Rides:
- Eight companies participate in California's DMV driverless autonomous driving pilot program, with Waymo leading with 71 vehicles, followed by Cruise with 52.
- Nuro, Apollo (Baidu), Zoox, WeRide, AutoX, and Pony.AI are also part of the program.
Commercial Autonomous Driving Licenses:
- Nuro, Cruise, and Waymo are the three companies with a license for commercial autonomous driving without a safety driver.
- Nuro focuses on goods delivery with autonomous bots, while Cruise and Waymo can operate autonomous passenger rides under specific conditions.
Recorded Collisions:
- Companies participating in California's autonomous driving program must report collisions.
- Waymo reported 41 collisions, Cruise reported 5, Zoox reported 3, and Apple reported 3 since January 2022.
- Pony.AI lost its license after a collision in October 2021, where the vehicle in autonomous mode collided with a lane divider and a street sign. No injuries were reported.
Total Number of Collisions by Manufacturer:
- Waymo has reported 176 collisions, Cruise 172, Zoox 42, Apple 11, and Pony.AI 6.
This overview provides insights into the current state of autonomous driving in California, including fleet sizes, changes, and safety records of key players in the industry.
