Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (2024)

With likely less than 200 left in the wild, the Amur leopard could be the most endangered big cat on Earth.

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© Ola Jennersten / WWF-Sweden

Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (1)

Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? species:

Critically endangered (Around 100 remain) Panthera pardus orientalis

Affected by: Illegal wildlife trade , Climate change , Habitat loss and fragmentation , Deforestation

Not many people ever see an Amur leopard in the wild. Not surprising, as there are so few of them, but a shame considering how beautiful they are. Thick, luscious, black-ringed coats and a huge furry tails they can wrap around themselves to keep warm.

The good news is, having been driven to the edge of extinction, their numbers appear to berising thanks to previous conservation work.

The Amur leopard is a nocturnal animal that lives and hunts alone – mainly in the vast forests of Russia and China. During the harsh winter, the hairs of that unique coat can grow up to 7cm long.

Over the years the Amur leopard hasn't just been hunted mercilessly, its homelands have been gradually destroyed by unsustainable logging, forest fires, road building, farming, and industrial development.

But recent research shows conservation work is having a positive effect, and wild Amur leopard numbers are believed to have increased to at least 120 adults, in Russia and north-east China. The Amur leopard, however, still remains one of the rarest and most critically endangered leopard subspecies in the world.

Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (2)

© naturepl.com / Vladimir Medvedev / WWF

Where do Amur Leopards live?

Amur leopards prefer to live in areas with mixed Korean pine and deciduous forest while avoiding open grasslands or populated areas.

They are now only found in the border areas between the Russian Far East and north-east China, and possibly North Korea. Most Amur leopards are in Russia, with a few in China. Their range is smaller than 2,500 sq km—that’s an area smaller than Dorset.

Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (3)

© Yuri Shibnev / naturepl.com

Why Amur leopards are so important

Amur leopards are top predators in their landscape, so they’re crucial role for keeping the right balance of species in their area. That also affects the health of the forests and wider environment, which provides local wildlife and people with food, water and other resources.

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Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (4)

© naturepl.com / Steven Kazlowski / WWF

  • Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (5)

    © Julia KALINICHEVA / WWF-Russia

  • Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (6)

    © Hartmut Jungius / WWF

  • Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (7)

    © LYNN M. STONE / naturepl.com

Challenges affecting Amur leopards

  • How we're stopping illegal wildlife trade

  • Why we're protecting our natural places

  • More about climate change

Amur leopard: the world's rarest cat? (2024)

FAQs

Is the Amur leopard the rarest cat in the world? ›

There are probably fewer than 200 Amur leopards left in the wild, making this possibly the world's rarest cat. The largest Amur leopard population resides in the Land of the Leopard, where there were 121 leopards in December 2023; other populations are likely much smaller.

How many Amur leopards are left 2024? ›

With a population of less than 100, Amur Leopards are critically endangered. They are hunted for their beautiful fur, and face habitat loss due to logging, road building, and encroachment of civilization.

How rare is the Amur leopard? ›

With likely less than 200 left in the wild, the Amur leopard could be the most endangered big cat on Earth.

What is the 1 rarest cat in the world? ›

The UK's Governing Council of the Cat Fancy considers the Sokoke to be the rarest domestic cat breed in the world.

What is the 2 rarest animal in the world? ›

Cross-river gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) are the rarest, with an estimated population of 250-300, followed by mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), with an estimated population of 1,000.

How old is the oldest Amur leopard? ›

Kia, Amur leopard, 19

9, is the oldest Amur leopard on the continent, and Amur leopards are perhaps the most endangered big cats in the world. Around 70 are believed to remain in their southeastern Russia home range.

Can Amur leopards be saved? ›

The Amur leopard is important ecologically, economically and culturally. Conservation of its habitat benefits other species, including Amur tigers and prey species like deer. With the right conservation efforts, we can bring them back and ensure long-term conservation of the region.

What color is a Amur leopard? ›

The coat of the Amur leopard is fairly soft with long and dense hair and the color varies from a fairly light yellow to dense yellowish-red in winter and a brighter more vivid coloration in summer. The Amur leopard also has widely spaced rosette spots that cover its body.

Are Amur leopards almost extinct? ›

Conservation Status: Critically Endangered

It is estimated that the current wild Amur leopard population is 60 to 80 individuals.

Can Amur leopards swim? ›

Amur leopards are strong swimmers!

How old are Amur leopards? ›

Amur leopards in zoos show some evidence of breeding seasonality with a peak in births in late spring/early summer. Longevity: In the wild, leopards live for 10-15 years and they may reach 20 years in captivity. Prey: Amur leopards hunt a very wide variety of animals including roe deer, sika deer, badgers and hares.

Do Amur leopards drink water? ›

Amur Leopard Drinking – Triple D

Leopards don't need much water. They survive from the moisture they get from eating their prey.

Why are Amur leopard the rarest cat? ›

Loss of habitat and poaching have made Amur leopards one of the rarest wild cats on Earth—and the world's rarest leopard.

How rare is leopard cat? ›

The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is a small wild cat native to continental South, Southeast, and East Asia. Since 2002 it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List as it is widely distributed although threatened by habitat loss and hunting in parts of its range.

How many Amur leopards are left in total? ›

In the wild, it's estimated that only around 100 Amur leopards remain. Their historical range has diminished significantly, and they mostly live on the Russia-China border in a protected area. There are also around 220 Amur leopards in captivity in 88 institutions around the world.

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