Adopting a Billionaire Mindset with Borrowing | BNY Mellon Wealth Management (2024)

Billionaires multiply their wealth by borrowing against their assets to pay for new investments. But they aren’t the only ones who can use leverage to their benefit.

In 2021, a ProPublica article revealed that some U.S. billionaires pay little to no tax. Yet it’s not because of tax loopholes as much as it is their ability to leverage their extraordinary wealth. Borrowing against their assets to pay for expenses, and more importantly to reinvest in assets that return more than the cost of borrowing, is how ultra-wealthy individuals run their lives—and increase their net worth.

“Millionaires and billionaires manage their personal financial affairs the way they would run a business—by utilizing their entire balance sheet—including the use of leverage—to fund their spending and their investing,” explains Rick Calero, head of banking and lending at BNY Mellon Wealth Management.

Billionaires generally derive most of their income from asset appreciation, rather than salaries or bonuses. Unlike ordinary income, asset appreciation is not taxed until a gain is realized through the sale of the asset. To avoid or delay the hefty tax obligation resulting from the capital gains incurred, they borrow against their wealth and use the proceeds to not just pay for their expenses but also to reinvest in new ventures. In this way they keep their tax bills low, continue to benefit from the appreciation of their invested assets, plus increase their overall net worth with the additional investments made with the loan proceeds.

But it’s not just the ultra-rich who can use leverage to their benefit. Homeowners can borrow against the equity in their property or utilize leverage to cover tax liabilities or other large one-time expenses. And other wealthy investors can use similar borrowing strategies to preserve and grow their assets.

Using Leverage to Maximize Gains

To illustrate how wealthy investors can benefit from the use of leverage, Calero gives the example of two investors, each with $20 million invested in a diversified portfolio with a moderate growth allocation, earning an average annualized return of 6%.1They each have $5 million in profit from selling businesses and both have $5 million apiece in taxes to pay.

Investor 1 uses the cash from the business sale to pay the tax bill, but Investor 2 invests the $5 million proceeds and borrows against the value of her investment portfolio to pay the tax bill.

Here’s how they would net out:

Exhibit: Using Leverage to Maximize Gains

After five years, Investor 2’s portfolio value is over $1 million higher than Investor 1’s portfolio. That equates to an annualized 0.8% gain above what Investor 1 achieved over five years. This includes the 2.00% annual interest payments on the loan and assumes that the investor pays off the loan balance at the end of the five-year time period.2Over a longer timeframe, the results are slightly less dramatic when accounting for a higher interest expense - but can still be incredibly impactful when investors are able to compound these added returns over time.

While this strategy can carry enormous benefits under the right circ*mstances, securities-based loans may not be appropriate for all investors and do carry the risk of maintaining appropriate levels of collateral in an account during times of heightened volatility. Investors are best suited to develop a plan with their team of advisors to be better prepared and positioned to capitalize on leverage when the correct opportunity presents itself.

Minimize Tax Due by Maximize Interest Deductions

The ability to deduct interest expense is another way to enhance potential return, allowing for the IRS to share in the borrowing costs.3When appropriate, clients can take advantage of this benefit and offset their other income with up to 37% of their interest cost when applying the highest federal tax bracket. This can compound returns in their portfolio beyond what they are already achieving through a borrowing strategy.

Conclusion

Taxes generally can’t be avoided forever. But using leverage to control the timing of gains while implementingActive Wealthcan have tremendous benefits to investors over the long run. By Active Wealth, we mean using your full team of advisors to identify specific opportunities that match long-term investments and leverage with short-term business obligations and other lifestyle needs. This includes strategic borrowing, dynamic spending, and meticulous tax management to help build and preserve wealth.

Footnotes

16% is a return based on BNY Wealth Management’s 2021 Capital Market Assumptions.

2Example for illustrative purposes only; based on 5-year total interest rate of 2.00%. Actual interest rates determined at time of borrowing and subject to change.

3This material is not intended to constitute tax advice. Clients should consult their tax advisor regarding their specific situation.

Credit services, provided by BNY Mellon, N.A., are subject to credit approval.

Adopting a Billionaire Mindset with Borrowing | BNY Mellon Wealth Management (2024)

FAQs

Can billionaires tap into their wealth by borrowing against it? ›

Billionaires multiply their wealth by borrowing against their assets to pay for new investments. But they aren't the only ones who can use leverage to their benefit. In 2021, a ProPublica article revealed that some U.S. billionaires pay little to no tax.

How do you develop a billionaire mindset? ›

What are the habits of a millionaire mindset?
  1. Focus on your goals. ...
  2. Get comfortable with always learning. ...
  3. Put yourself out there. ...
  4. Be patient. ...
  5. Accept mistakes as they come. ...
  6. Don't forget about sleep. ...
  7. Keep growth in mind. ...
  8. Stop making excuses for yourself.

How do billionaires borrow off assets? ›

Portfolio loans

In this option, the concept is the same as was just discussed, except an investment portfolio is used as collateral instead of a home, and no assets need to be sold taxably to access cash. In fact, this is often what billionaires do — take loans against their company stock.

How do the ultra wealthy borrow against their wealth? ›

Creditors favor the wealthy as well. As long as the wealth continues to grow, it can continue to be borrowed against. A securities backed line of credit will allow someone to borrow 50-95% of the value of their collateral. This is how many of the wealthiest people in the United States pay such low income tax rates.

Can you borrow against assets to avoid capital gains tax? ›

According to the buy, borrow, die strategy, leveraging assets as collateral allows you to borrow money while preserving the value of the underlying assets. Rather than selling off investments for cash and incurring capital gains tax, you can borrow against your assets instead.

Do billionaires keep cash in the bank? ›

High net worth investors typically keep millions of dollars or even tens of millions in cash in their bank accounts to cover bills and unexpected expenses. Their balances are often way above the $250,000 FDIC insured limit.

What are billionaires mindset? ›

A few key billionaire mindset characteristics: Confidence. Creativity. Ambition. Passionate.

What is the billionaire mindset of money? ›

The billionaire mindset is a state of mind where focus, creativity and love are the major drivers , it is the state of natural blissfulness and urge to add value to the society and impact the lives around.

What are the characteristics of a rich mindset? ›

Rich mindset seeks to spend their time, resources, and energy on work that continues to pay off long after the effort has been invested. Rich mindset is all about getting a flywheel spinning. Building momentum. Creating systems that continue to generate value on their own.

How wealthy avoid taxes by borrowing money? ›

Rather than selling off investments for cash and incurring capital gains tax, you can borrow against your assets instead. There's a double tax benefit here since you're not on the hook for capital gains tax and the loan proceeds are not counted as taxable income.

Do millionaires pay off their house? ›

Most have paid off their mortgages. In 2020, 58% of the state's equity millionaires owned their homes free and clear. Statewide, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of Californians who have paid off their mortgages, from 1.6 million households in 2000 to 2.4 million in 2020.

Why do billionaires keep cash? ›

Cash and cash equivalents are common places where billionaires keep of some their money. Though not often thought of as an investment, cash is a liquid asset, meaning you can use it in a variety of ways as needs or desires arise.

What is the IRS loophole? ›

Tax loopholes are provisions in the tax code that allow taxpayers to lower their tax liability. These loopholes are often unintended, created by shortcomings in legislation that were not obvious when drafted. Many loopholes are closed over time.

Where do the super wealthy put their money? ›

Millionaires have many different investment philosophies. These can include investing in real estate, stock, commodities and hedge funds, among other types of financial investments. Generally, many seek to mitigate risk and therefore prefer diversified investment portfolios.

How can I pay no taxes legally? ›

If you want to avoid paying taxes, you'll need to make your tax deductions equal to or greater than your income. For example, using the case where the IRS interactive tax assistant calculated a standard tax deduction of $24,800 if you and your spouse earned $24,000 that tax year, you will pay nothing in taxes.

What is a simple trick for avoiding capital gains tax? ›

One of the easiest ways to evade paying capital gains tax after selling your rental property is to invest in a retirement plan. You can invest in a 401(K) or an individual retirement account (IRA). Retirement plans enable you to buy and sell property within the retirement account without attracting capital gains tax.

What happens if I reinvest money to avoid capital gains? ›

Do I Pay Capital Gains if I Reinvest the Proceeds From the Sale? While you'll still be obligated to pay capital gains after reinvesting proceeds from a sale, you can defer them. Reinvesting in a similar real estate investment property defers your earnings as well as your tax liabilities.

What lowers capital gains tax? ›

There are a few ways to lower the capital gains tax bill you pay on profits from the sale of stock. You can claim your fees as a tax deduction, use tax-loss harvesting, or invest in tax-advantaged retirement accounts.

What bank do most billionaires use? ›

Two common perks embedded into these millionaire bank accounts include waived fees and personal bankers.
  • 10 Bank Accounts the Ultra-Rich Use. ...
  • Bank of America Private Bank. ...
  • Chase Private Client. ...
  • Morgan Stanley CashPlus. ...
  • HSBC Premier Checking. ...
  • TD Bank Private Banking. ...
  • PNC Private BankSM Checking. ...
  • Truist Wealth Checking.
Mar 14, 2023

What bank do most millionaires use? ›

Best Private Banks For Millionaires
  • Bank of America: Private Banking.
  • Citi: Private Banking.
  • HSBC: Private Banking.
  • JP Morgan: Private Bank.
  • Morgan Stanley.
  • UBS.
  • Wells Fargo: Private Bank.

What bank would a billionaire use? ›

Bank of America, Citibank, Union Bank, and HSBC, among others, have created accounts that come with special perquisites for the ultrarich, such as personal bankers, waived fees, and the option of placing trades. The ultrarich are considered to be those with more than $30 million in assets.

What are 3 traits of billionaires? ›

In terms of becoming a billionaire, our research identified three personality traits essential to entrepreneurial success for both men and women: smart risk taking, an 'obsessive' business focus and determination.

What is a common trait in billionaires? ›

Millionaires, especially self-made millionaires whose wealth wasn't inherited, have five particular personality traits, according to new research. The five personality traits that are particularly standout are: risk-taking, emotional stability, openness, extraversion and conscientiousness.

What personality has the most billionaires? ›

From the above list, you can get a fair idea of the personalities that earn the most. ENTJ, ISTJ and INTJ categories have the most billionaires.

What is the difference between a millionaire and a billionaire mindset? ›

There are 5 main mindset differences between billionaires and millionaires: Impact over money, constant learning & self-improvement, thinking bigger using leverage, optimizing for time over money, and a contrarian approach to their decision-making.

What is an example of money mindset? ›

People who have a healthy money mindset believe things like: I have the freedom to spend, but I can also tell myself no to a purchase. I enjoy helping others who are struggling by giving generously. I don't have to compare myself to others.

What are the habits of billionaires? ›

Here are 10 clever habits of billionaires you can start doing right away to help put you on the path to success.
  • Wake up early like Jeff Bezos. ...
  • Set clear and specific goals like Jack Dorsey. ...
  • Read and educate themselves constantly like Warren Buffet. ...
  • Surround themselves with successful people and loved ones like Mark Cuban.
Jan 17, 2023

What does a successful mindset look like? ›

Those with a growth mindset understand that they can achieve their professional goals with persistence, adaptability and a strong willingness to evolve. A success mindset involves all these traits, including the right attitude and temperament, realistic thinking, and the ability to change and improve.

What is the difference between rich and wealthy mindset? ›

A rich person may derive their income from just one or two streams. For example, they may work a full-time job or run a business. Their income is typically entirely dependent on them doing some type of work to earn money. Wealthy people often have more than one stream of income.

What attitude do rich people have? ›

Millionaires are creative visionaries with a positive attitude. In other words, wealthy people have big dreams, and they believe they will come true. As such, wealth seekers should set lofty goals and not be afraid of uncharted territory.

What are the top 2 ways rich people use to legally avoid paying taxes? ›

How the super-rich avoid paying taxes
  • Foundations.
  • Gifting.
  • Family offices.
  • Investments.
  • Moving residency.
Feb 21, 2023

How can I make money by borrowing money? ›

Generating income from debt involves taking out a loan and using the borrowed funds to invest in an income-producing asset. This could include buying bonds, investing in stocks, or purchasing real estate. The income generated from this investment can then be used to pay off the debt.

How do billionaires avoid estate taxes? ›

By shifting any future appreciation out of their estate, the wealthy can avoid or reduce estate taxes at death. The investment growth becomes a tax-free gift to heirs. Absent growth, the asset simply passes back to the owner without a transfer of wealth.

What are the 3 things millionaires do not do? ›

He also identified three money habits that successful self-made millionaires avoid at all costs.
  • They don't have a wallet full of exclusive credit cards. ...
  • They avoid giving large gifts to their children, or supporting them financially as adults. ...
  • They don't spend hours managing their investments.
Nov 24, 2020

Do around 90% of millionaires make their wealth from real estate? ›

90% of all millionaires become so through owning real estate.” This famous quote from Andrew Carnegie, one of the wealthiest entrepreneurs of all time, is just as relevant today as it was more than a century ago.

Why do rich people buy houses under LLC? ›

While you could lose that single property to a lawsuit, it is a much better option than losing the property AND your personal assets. The cost of forming an LLC protects your house and other assets from landing in a future settlement or judgement.

Do billionaires use credit cards? ›

Wealthy Americans generally use credit cards the same way that everyone else does. They opt for cash back and no annual fee cards, and generally trust the big issuers. But they have some bad habits, too -- about half had an automatic payment set up, and only a third pay their statement or full balance every month.

Where do millionaires keep their cash? ›

Examples of cash equivalents are money market mutual funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and Treasury bills. Some millionaires keep their cash in Treasury bills. They keep rolling them over to reinvest them, and liquidate them when they need the cash.

Where is the safest place to keep cash at home? ›

Where to safely keep cash at home. Just like any other piece of paper, cash can get lost, wet or burned. Consider buying a fireproof and waterproof safe for your home. It's also useful for storing other valuables in your home such as jewelry and important personal documents.

What accounts can the IRS not seize? ›

There are only a few types of assets that cannot be seized. The IRS cannot seize real property, and your car cannot be seized if used to get to and from work. You also cannot seize the money you need for basic living expenses. However, all of your other assets are fair game for seizure.

Does the IRS know if you get money? ›

Share: The IRS probably already knows about many of your financial accounts, and the IRS can get information on how much is there. But, in reality, the IRS rarely digs deeper into your bank and financial accounts unless you're being audited or the IRS is collecting back taxes from you.

Does IRS pay snitches? ›

The IRS Whistleblower Office pays monetary awards to eligible individuals whose information is used by the IRS. The award percentage depends on several factors, but generally falls between 15 and 30 percent of the proceeds collected and attributable to the whistleblower's information.

What do rich people collect? ›

Collecting Antiques

High-end antiques are popular among wealthy collectors; the most collected items are cars, watches, wine, and diamonds. Many collectors also like owning art and other antiques.

How much liquid cash do millionaires have? ›

Investors with less than $1 million but more than $100,000 liquid assets are considered sub-HNWIs. Very-high-net-worth individuals have investable assets of at least $5 million, while ultra-high-net-worth individuals have at least $30 million.

How much do I need to live off of interest? ›

For an interest-only retirement, you'll need to have a large nest egg. How big a nest egg depends on your target income and the interest rate. For example, an annual income of $48,000 would require a nest egg of $1.6 million, assuming a 3% interest rate. And that's not even accounting for inflation.

How can I make $100000 or more and pay no taxes? ›

5 more ways to get tax-free income
  1. Take full advantage of 401(k) or 403(b) plans. ...
  2. Move to a tax-free state. ...
  3. Contribute to a health savings account. ...
  4. Itemize your deductions. ...
  5. Use tax-loss harvesting.
Mar 31, 2023

How much federal income tax would you pay on $100 000? ›

Your tax is:

So, if your taxable income is $100,000, and you're a single filer, you would owe the IRS $18,916 before any tax deductions or tax credits.

What can you do to avoid an IRS audit? ›

How to avoid a tax audit
  1. Be careful about reporting all of your expenses. Reporting a net annual loss—especially a small loss—can put you on the IRS's radar. ...
  2. Itemize tax deductions. ...
  3. Provide appropriate detail. ...
  4. File on time. ...
  5. Avoid amending returns. ...
  6. Check your math. ...
  7. Don't use round numbers. ...
  8. Don't make excessive deductions.
May 11, 2023

How do billionaires allocate their money? ›

Common types of securities include bonds, stocks and funds (mutual and exchange-traded). Funds and stocks are the bread-and-butter of investment portfolios. Billionaires use these investments to ensure their money grows steadily.

Can you use debt to build wealth? ›

Good debt includes loans – like mortgages, student loans and small business loans – that enable you to purchase an asset with the potential to gain value over time. (In the case of student loans, you're gaining access to a career that will likely afford you higher potential earnings.)

Do billionaires have billions in their bank account? ›

A billionaire has a net worth of at least one billion units in their native currency, such as dollars or euros. Net worth is calculated as assets minus liabilities or debts. A billionaire's assets may include cash and cash equivalents, real estate, and business and personal property.

How do billionaires get liquid cash? ›

Stocks and Mutual Funds

Many millionaires and billionaires made their money — at least in part — by investing in the stock market, or by owning stock in companies they started or worked for.

What bank do billionaires use? ›

Bank of America, Citibank, Union Bank, and HSBC, among others, have created accounts that come with special perquisites for the ultrarich, such as personal bankers, waived fees, and the option of placing trades. The ultrarich are considered to be those with more than $30 million in assets.

How much cash do millionaires keep in the bank? ›

Millionaires also bank differently than the rest of us. Any bank accounts they have are handled by a private banker who probably also manages their wealth. There is no standing in line at the teller's window. Studies indicate that millionaires may have, on average, as much as 25% of their money in cash.

What is the number one key to wealth building according to millionaires? ›

When our team completed The National Study of Millionaires, we found that 93% of millionaires said they stick to the budgets they create. Ninety-three percent! Getting on a budget is the foundation of any wealth-building plan.

Do millionaires pay off debt or invest? ›

They stay away from debt.

Car payments, student loans, same-as-cash financing plans—these just aren't part of their vocabulary. That's why they win with money. They don't owe anything to the bank, so every dollar they earn stays with them to spend, save and give!

What is the best debt to income? ›

What do lenders consider a good debt-to-income ratio? A general rule of thumb is to keep your overall debt-to-income ratio at or below 43%.

How much money in the bank is considered rich? ›

You might need $5 million to $10 million to qualify as having a very high net worth while it may take $30 million or more to be considered ultra-high net worth. That's how financial advisors typically view wealth.

Do billionaires have checking accounts? ›

Many high-net-worth individuals choose to put their money in checking accounts offered by major banks. But instead of opting for the standard checking account, these millionaires have access to private banking opportunities tailored to their money management needs.

What percentage of US population has $2 million dollars? ›

Additionally, statistics show that the top 2% of the United States population has a net worth of about $2.4 million. On the other hand, the top 5% wealthiest Americans have a net worth of just over $1 million. Therefore, about 2% of the population possesses enough wealth to meet the current definition of being rich.

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