Presentation on theme: "ACG 2021 Financial Accounting"— Presentation transcript:
1 ACG 2021 Financial Accounting
Current & Long-Term Liabilities
2 Learning Objectives Account for current liabilities and contingent liabilities Account for bonds-payable transactions Measure interest expense Understand the advantages and disadvantages of borrowing Statement of Cash Flow Effects
3 Current Liabilities Liabilities due within 1 year or the company’s operating cycle if longer Known amounts Accounts Payable Short-term Notes Payable Sales Tax Payable Current Installment of Long-Term Debt Accrued Expenses Payroll Liabilities Unearned Revenues We increase Liabilities with a credit. So to increase any of the Known payables on the left, we credit the payable for the known amount. We must therefore, debit a corresponding expense account (accrued expenses) Cash (deferred liability) Long-term debt Cash (if recording receipt from a note payable)
4 Accounts Payable Amounts owed for purchases of goods or services on account The purchase can be for an Asset Inventory (generally largest) The purchase could also be an Expense Legal Fees (service) No interest associated with money owed, and it is assumed the A/P will be paid quickly If we have an A/P for Inventory purchased on account, what does the company we purchased the inventory from have? An Accounts Receivable
5 Note Payable Unlike Accounts Payable
Usually contains interest payments that are due Record: Issuance of Note Payable We borrowed Cash and have an obligation to pay back Interest Expense Payment of Note Payable
6 Notes Payable On Jan. 30, 20X5 the company received a one year $8,000 note payable at 10% interest to purchase inventory. Jan 30Cash8,000 Note Payable, Short-term8,000 Purchase of inventory by issuing a 1-year 10% note payable Interest must be accrued at fiscal year end (April 30) for interest owed but not yet due. Apr 30Interest Expense (8,000 x .10 x 3/12)200 Interest Payable200 Adjusting entry to accrue interest expense
7 Notes Payable To record repayment at maturity Jan 30 20x6:
Jan. 30Note Payable, short-term8,000 Interest Payable200 Interest Expense ($8,000 x .10 x 9/12)600 Cash [($8,000 x .10) + 8,000]8,800 Payment of a note payable and interest at maturity Step 1: Reverse the balance in the Note Payable account to 0 Step 2: Reduce the amount of any Interest Payable from a previous period to 0 Step 3: Record the Interest Expense for the period Step 4: Record the cash (Principal and Interest paid)
8 Payroll Liabilities Types of Compensation Salary expense is gross pay.
Wage Commission Bonus Salary expense is gross pay. Salary payable is net pay.
9 Payroll Liabilities To record payroll Jan. 30 Salary Expense 10,000
Employee Income Tax Payable1,200 FICA Tax Payable800 Salary Payable to Employees8,000 To record salary expense
10 Sales Tax Payable To record sales of $200,000 plus 5% sales tax:
Cash (200,000 x 1.05)210,000 Sales Revenue200,000 Sales Tax Payable (200,000 x .05)10,000 To record cash sales and related sales tax
11 Unearned Revenues To record collection of cash in payment for future services: Jan 30Cash1,200 Unearned Ticket Revenue1,200 Received cash in advance for ticket sales To record revenue after 50% of services have been performed. Apr 30Unearned Ticket Revenue600 Ticket Revenue600 Earned revenue that was collected in advance
12 Current Liabilities Amounts that must be estimated
Estimated Warranty Payable How many products will need repair / replacement Matching Principle Estimate based on past historical data Contingent Liabilities An company may incur an expense in the future Most commonly associated with law suits
13 Estimated Warranty Payable
Warranty expense should be recognized in the year the product is sold. For example, a company made sales of $200,000 subject to product warranties. They estimate that 3% of the products will require repair or replacement. Warranty Expense6,000 Estimated Warranty Payable6,000 To accrue warranty expense When $5,800 of products are replaced under the warranty: Estimated Warranty Payable5,800 Inventory5,800 To replace defective products under warranty
14 Contingent Liabilities
Contingent liability depends on a future event arising out of past events. To account for contingent losses: Record liability if it is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Report the liability in the notes to the financial statements (but do not record an entry) if it is reasonably possible that a loss will occur. Do not report a contingent loss that is not likely to occur.
15 ACG 2021 Financial Accounting
Long – Term Liabilities Bonds Payable
16 Bonds IOU’s $1000 or $5000 Increments Sold in the “Market” Structure:
Maturity Date Interest Rate Interest Payment Dates Provide two payments: Interest every 6 months Principal amount of Bond
17
18 Bond Market Bloomberg.com
19 Bonds Payable Bonds payable are debt (i.e. a liability) of the issuing company. Types of bonds: term bonds All bonds mature at the same time (end of the term) serial bonds Bonds mature in installments over a period of time. secured bonds (mortgage bonds) debentures (unsecured bonds)
20 Bonds Payable Bonds can be issued (bought)
at face value for a premium at a discount Bond Price is determined by: Market Interest Rate – Effective Rate Bond’s Interest Rate – Contract Rate THESE RATES ARE USUALLY DIFFERENT!
21 Bond Interest Rates Bonds are sold at market price - amount that investors are willing to pay at any given time Market price represents: present value of periodic interest payments present value of principal to be received at maturity
22 Present Value The amount invested today to receive a greater amount at a future date It depends on: amount of the future receipt length of time to future receipt interest rate for the period
23 Bond Interest Rates Contract rate – stated rate
Market rate – effective rate
24 Present Value Calculation (Discount)
$100, year bond, 9% stated interest, 10% market rate Two parts: PV of principle and PV of interest payments $100,000 x .614* = $61,400 100,000 x. 045 x 7.722* = $34,749 PV of Bonds $96,149 * From Appendix C
25 Bond Prices Bond Face Value = Stated Principal
Bond issued above face (par) value - premium Bond issued at below face (par) value - discount As a bond nears maturity, its market price moves toward par value
26 Bond Prices Quoted at a percent of their maturity value. A $1,000 bond quoted at 101½ sells for… $1,000 × = $1,015. A $1,000 bond quoted at 88-3/8 sells for… $1,000 × = $
27 Bond Payable Purchase a $1,000 Bond Bond Pays = 9% Bond Pays = 10%
Bond Interest = $90 Bond Pays = 10% Bond Interest = $100 Bond Pays = 8% Bond Interest = $80 Invest $1,000 in Market at 9% Market Interest = $90 How much would you pay for 9% bond, 10% bond, 8% bond?
28 ACG 2021 Financial Accounting
Accounting for Bonds Payable
29 Accounting for Bonds Record Issuance of Bond
Record Payment of Interest Record Accrual of Interest Record Amortization of Discount/Premium Effective Interest Method Straight-Line Method Record Retirement of Bond Credit Cash Credit Interest Payable
30 Bonds Payable $50 million in 9%, 5 year bonds are issued on Jan 1, 2006 at par. Cash50,000,000 Bonds Payable50,000,000 To issue bonds at par First interest payment on July 1. Interest Expense2,250,000 Cash2,250,000 To pay semiannual interest $50,000,000 x .09 x 6/12
31 Bonds Payable At year end, accrue interest to be paid on Jan.1 Interest Expense2,250,000 Interest Payable2,250,000 To accrue interest $50,000 x .09 x 6/12
32 Bonds Payable at Discount
$100,000 in 9%, 5 year bonds are issued when the market rate is 10% for $96,149. Cash96,149 Discount on Bonds Payable3,851 Bonds Payable100,000 To issue bonds at a discount
33 Bonds Payable at Discount
Discount on Bonds Payable is a contra account to Bonds Payable. Carrying amount of the bonds equals Bonds Payable less Discount on Bonds Payable. Interest payments are fixed by contract, but interest expense varies as the bond discount is amortized.
34 Bonds Payable Premium $100,000 in 9%, 5 year bonds are issued when the market rate is 8% for $104,100. Cash104,100 Premium on Bonds Payable4,100 Bonds Payable100,000 To issue bonds at a premium
35 Bonds Payable at Premium
Premium on Bonds Payable is normal liability account (not a contra-account) Carrying amount of the bonds equals Bonds Payable plus Premium on Bonds Payable. Interest payments are fixed by contract, but interest expense varies as the bond premium is amortized.
36 Bonds Payable Discount Example
Issue Date – January 1, 2006 Maturity value - $100,000 Stated interest rate – 9% Interest paid – 4 ½% semiannually Market rate at time of issue – 10% annually, 5% semiannually Issue Price – $96,149
37 Bonds Payable Discount Example
Amortization Table (partial) 3851
38 Bonds Payable Discount Journal Entries
First semiannual interest payment at Jul 1. Interest Expense4,807 Discount on Bonds Payable307 Cash4,500 To pay semiannual interest and amortize bond discount Second semiannual interest accrual at Dec 31. Interest Expense4,823 Discount on Bonds Payable323 Interest Payable4,500 To accrue semiannual interest and amortize bond discount
39 Bonds Payable Premium Example
Issue Date – January 1, 2006 Maturity value - $100,000 Stated interest rate – 9% Interest paid – 4 ½% semiannually Market rate at time of issue – 8% annually, 4% semiannually Issue Price – $104,100
40 Bonds Payable Premium Example
Amortization Table (partial)
41 Bonds Payable Premium Example
First semiannual interest payment at Jul 1. Interest Expense4,164 Premium on Bonds Payable336 Cash4,500 To pay semiannual interest and amortize bond premium Second semiannual interest accrual at Dec 31. Interest Expense4,151 Premium on Bonds Payable349 Interest Payable4,500 To accrue semiannual interest and amortize bond premium
42 Exercise 8-13
43 Straight-Line Amortization
Divide bond discount (or premium) into equal periodic amounts over the bond’s term. This equal amount is Interest Expense Interest expense is the same each period. GAAP permits straight line only when the amounts differ insignificantly from amounts determined using the effective interest method.
44 Straight-Line Using the previous Chrysler Example
Premium Amortization = $4100/10 = $410 10 = 5 years x 2 interest payments per year $100,000 in 9%, 5 year bonds are issued when the market rate is 8% for $104,100.
45 Straight Line Journal Entries
First semiannual interest payment at Jul 1. Interest Expense4,090 Premium on Bonds Payable410 Cash4,500 To pay semiannual interest and amortize bond premium Second semiannual interest accrual at Dec 31. Interest Expense4,090 Premium on Bonds Payable410 Interest Payable4,500 To accrue semiannual interest and amortize bond premium
46 Issuing Bonds Payable at a Discount
Chrysler’s balance sheet immediately after issuance of the bonds: Total current liabilities $ XXX Long-term liabilities: Bonds payable, 9%, due $100,000 Discount on bonds payable ( 3,851)96,149 Discount on Bonds Payable - contra account to Bonds Payable
47 Issuing Bonds Payable at a Premium
Chrysler’s balance sheet immediately after issuance of the bonds: Total current liabilities $ XXX Long-term liabilities: Bonds payable$100,000 Premium on bonds payable ,100 $104,100
48 Exercise 8-10
49 ACG 2021 Financial Accounting
Retiring Bonds
50 Bonds Retired at Maturity
After Recording final interest payment Reduce Bond Payable Reduce Cash Account Bonds Payable 100,000 Cash ,000
51 Retiring Callable Bonds
Bonds that can be paid off early Call Price Often at greater then par value (101 or 102) Thus management has to decide to pay call premium or Buy Bonds on the Open Market
52 Early Retirement of Bonds Payable
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., has $70,000 of debenture bonds outstanding with unamortized discount of $350. The market price is 99¼.
53 Early Retirement of Bonds Payable
Par value of bonds$70,000 Less: Unamortized discount( ) Carrying amount of the bonds$69,650 Market price ($70,000 × ) 69,475 Extraordinary gain on retirement$ Bonds Payable70,000 Discount on Bonds Payable350 Cash69,475 Gain on Retirement of Bonds175 To record bond retirement
54 Convertible Bonds and Notes
May be converted into the issuing company’s common stock. Assume note holders convert half of $300 million convertible notes into 4 million shares of stock ($1 par). Notes Payable150,000,000 Common Stock (4 million at $1 par)4,000,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of par-Common146,000,000 To record conversion of notes payable
55 Financing with Bonds or Stock?
Issuing stock creates no liabilities incurs no interest expense less risky to issuing corporation Issuing notes or bonds payable does not dilute stock ownership or control of the corporation usually results in higher earnings per share [EPS is the amount of net income for each share of its stock]
56 Reporting Financing Activities on the Statement of Cash Flows
Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Proceeds from issuance of bonds$754 Proceeds from long-term borrowings32 Payment of long-term debt(29) Proceeds from issuance of common stock351 Payments of cash dividends(371) Other, net (4) Net cash provided by financing activities$733 Amounts in millions Year Ended December 31
57 ACG 2021 Financial Accounting
Ratio Analysis Times Interest Earned
58 Times interest earned ratio
Income from Operations Times interest earned = Interest Expense The ability of a company to pay it’s Interest Expense Obligations from Earnings Generated from Operations
59 BlackBoard Inc.
60 BlackBoard T.I.E. 2006 -11,826 / 5354 = -2.21 2005 24,447 / 49 = 2004 10,033 / 179 = 56.05
61 Best Buy, Inc.
62 Best Buy – T.I.E. 2007 1,999 / 31 = 64.48 2006 1,644 / 30 = 54.8 2005 1,442 / 44 = 32.77
63 End of Chapter 8
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