529 Plans: 2024 Guide to College Savings Tax Benefits (2024)

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A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to encourage saving for future education costs. 529 plans, named after Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, are sponsored by states, state agencies, or educational institutions and are authorized by Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code. There are two types of 529 plans: prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans.

Prepaid tuition plans allow the account holder to purchase credits or units at a participating college or university at today’s tuition rates. College savings plans invest the account holder’s contributions in a portfolio of stocks and bonds. The account holder can use the funds to pay for qualified higher education expenses at any accredited college, university, or post-secondary educational institutions.

The education savings account sponsor, such as a person, trust, or estate, is responsible for retaining control of the funds and ensuring the use of funds is consistent with the beneficiaries’ qualified education expenses. 529 plan rules state that only one individual can incur expenses per payment. As a result, a family can combine their funds to make a single contribution for the beneficiary’s education.

What is a 529 Plan?

529 Plans: 2024 Guide to College Savings Tax Benefits (3)

A 529 Plan is a tax-advantaged education savings plan sponsored by a state or educational institution. 529 Plans are a great way to save for future education expenses and enjoy tax benefits. Contributions to a 529 Plan are not deductible on federal income taxes, but they may be deductible on state income taxes. Withdrawals from a 529 Plan are tax-free if used for qualified education expenses. Qualified education expenses include tuition, room and board, books, and other required fees. If you are thinking about saving for future education expenses, a 529 Plan is a great option. Talk to your financial advisor to see if a 529 Plan is right for you.

529 Plan Basics

There are two types of 529 plans: college savings plans and college savings strategies. A college savings plan is a type of account owners can open to save for a child’s or own’s college expenses. A 529 plan is a tax-favored arrangement similar to an individual retirement account (IRA) or pension plan. There are two types of 529 plans, 529 college savings plans and 529 prepayment plans. This guide explains the benefits and drawbacks of 529 college savings plans.

How Do 529 Plans Work?

When it comes to college savings, there are a lot of options out there. But if you’re looking for a tax-advantaged way to save, a 529 plan is worth considering. With a 529 plan, you can save for college while getting some tax breaks. The money in the account can be used for qualified education expenses, such as tuition, room and board, and books. And if you use the money for a qualified expense, the earnings are tax-free. There are two types of 529 plans: prepaid tuition plans and education savings plans. With a prepaid tuition plan, you purchase units or credits at participating colleges and universities. With an education savings plan, the money in the account can be used at

The Benefits of a 529 Plan

One of the best ways to save for college is to open a 529 Plan. A 529 Plan is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to encourage savings for future education costs. 529 Plans are sponsored by states, state agencies, or educational institutions and are managed by investment companies. There are two types of 529 Plans: prepaid tuition plans and college savings plans. Prepaid tuition plans allow you to purchase tuition credits at participating colleges and universities in advance. College savings plans allow you to save money in an account that can be used for future education expenses, including tuition, room and board, books, and fees. There are many benefits of a 529 Plan. One of the biggest benefits is that the money in the

529 Plan is exempt from federal taxes and most state taxes. This tax benefit is especially beneficial for families with multiple children in college at the same time.

Here are all the tax benefits of a 529 plan listed in order of when they apply.

529 Plans: 2024 Guide to College Savings Tax Benefits (4)

Tax FreeGrowth

The growth of your investment inside a 529 plan is tax free. This means the money in your 529 account will grow faster than it would if it was outside a 529 plan because it will not be slowed down by taxes.

Extra Bonus: Tax Free Redemption

The growth of your 529 account is not the only thing that’s tax free. When you use your 529 account funds to pay for college expenses, the withdrawal will be tax free too.

Deductible Contributions

You can deduct contributions you make to a 529 plan up to $15,000 per child. This new tax law changes the limit to $5,000 per child. But note that this is a deduction from your income, so if you are not successful with your taxes, you will not receive this benefit.

State Grants and Scholarships

Some states offer state grants and scholarships to college students that are funded by the money in their residents’ 529 plans. Check with your state to see if you qualify.

College Savings Program Disclosure Statement

The disclosure statement of a 529 plan tells you about the plan, what it offers, and its risks. The disclosure statement of each 529 plan is different, so make sure to read yours. To find your 529 plan disclosure statement, click here.

No Felony Restriction

Some types of retirement accounts have restrictions if you commit a serious felony. But this does not apply to a 529 plan, so your 529 account can grow tax free and you can use it for college expenses anytime, even if you go to prison.

The Disadvantages of a 529 Plan

There are a few potential disadvantages of a 529 plan to be aware of before investing. These include: 1) Limited Investment Options – Some 529 plans only offer a limited number of investment options, which may not be ideal for everyone. 2) High Fees – Some 529 plans come with high fees, which can eat into your investment returns. Be sure to compare fees before investing. 3) Potential for Losses – Like any investment, there is always the potential for losses. Be sure to carefully research any 529 plan before investing and only invest what you can afford to lose. 4) Complexity – 529 plans can be complex, making it difficult to understand all the rules and regulations. Be sure to seekprofessional advice before making investment decisions.

Conclusion

A 529 plan is a great way to save for future education costs, and it has some great tax benefits. However, there are also some disadvantages to consider before you decide to invest in a 529 plan.

529 Plans: 2024 Guide to College Savings Tax Benefits (2024)

FAQs

529 Plans: 2024 Guide to College Savings Tax Benefits? ›

One of the many benefits of saving for a child's future college education with a 529 plan is that contributions are considered gifts for tax purposes. In 2024, gifts totaling up to $18,000 per individual will qualify for the annual gift tax exclusion, up from $16,000 in 2022 and $17,000 in 2023.

What are the new 529 rules for 2024? ›

“Starting in 2024, the SECURE 2.0 Act allows savers to roll unused 529 funds into the beneficiary's Roth IRA without a tax penalty,” says Lawrence Sprung, author of Financial Planning Made Personal and founder of Mitlin Financial in Hauppauge, New York.

Does a 529 plan reduce my taxable income? ›

They are not tax deductible on the federal level. But if you're saving for college, you'll want to know that 529 savings plans offer other tax benefits, such as tax-free earnings growth and tax-free withdrawals for qualified expenses.

Is a 529 plan allowed you to save money for college tax-free? ›

Tax advantages

Even better, withdrawals are tax-free as long as you use the money to pay for qualified education expenses, which typically include tuition, books, school supplies and room and board. Contributions to a 529 are after-tax and not federally tax deductible.

What is the 5 year rule for 529 plans? ›

Put time on your side with accelerated gifting

However, special 529 rules allow you to use five years of annual exclusions at once for a tax-free gift of up to $85,000 (joint taxpayers may fund $170,000).

Can I convert my 529 to a Roth IRA? ›

As of January 1, 2024, owners of 529 plan accounts can make tax and penalty-free rollovers to Roth IRA retirement plan accounts, subject to certain limitations. This has been welcome news to many families who worried about having unused or leftover funds in a 529 plan account.

Can I roll my 529 into a Roth IRA? ›

Starting in 2024, beneficiaries of 529 college savings accounts are permitted to do a tax-free rollover to a Roth IRA.

How do I avoid tax on 529 distributions? ›

If your withdrawals are equal to or less than your qualified higher education expenses (QHEEs), then your withdrawals including all your earnings are tax-free. If your withdrawals are higher than your QHEE, then taxes, and potentially a penalty, will be due on earnings that exceed your qualified expenses.

How much of my 529 contribution is tax deductible? ›

529 Plan Tax Benefits

Note that there is no federal income tax deduction on 529 plan contributions. State tax benefits: Most states with an income tax allow either a deduction from income or a state tax credit for 529 plan contributions when reporting income for state tax purposes.

What is the triple tax advantage of a 529 plan? ›

Tax-Deferred Growth — Contributions grow free of federal and state income taxes while in the account. Tax-Free 529 Withdrawals — No income tax is paid on the growth of your account when withdrawals are used for qualified expenses. State Tax Deduction — Deduct your contributions from your taxable income.

Why shouldn't you use your 529 to pay for college? ›

Drawbacks of a 529 plan

Nonqualified expenses may incur penalties of up to 10%. Some state plans charge high fees that can eat away at your earnings. Investment choices may be limited. 529 plans could reduce the scholarships and grants your child could receive.

What happens to 529 if not used for college? ›

Leave the account intact. If your child is simply not sure about college or perhaps wants to delay applying, you can keep your 529 plan intact until the child does use it for qualified education expenses.

What happens to 529 money if you don't spend it? ›

If you don't need the account balance for a near-term purpose, you can leave it untouched in case a relative needs it for graduate school or your spouse decides to pursue an MBA. You can continue investing in your 529 for years, preserving the account's tax benefits.

What happens to 529 when child turns 25? ›

There are no time or age limits on using a state 529 college savings plan. Money can be kept in a 529 plan indefinitely. 529 plans can be used for graduate school, not just undergraduate school, and can be passed on to one's children.

At what age must 529 plan be withdrawn? ›

529 plans do not have specific withdrawal deadlines. A 529 plan account owner is not required to take a distribution when the beneficiary reaches a certain age or within a specified number of years after high school graduation, and funds can remain in the 529 plan account indefinitely.

What happens to a 529 account when the child turns 18? ›

In most states, that means age 18, though in some states the age threshold may be higher. The custodian can't change the beneficiary or account owner. Once the account owner/beneficiary becomes an adult, they assume control over the 529 plan.

What are the Roth changes for 2024? ›

The maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2024 is $7,000 (up from $6,500 in 2023) if you're younger than age 50. If you're age 50 and older, you can add an extra $1,000 per year in "catch-up" contributions, bringing the total contribution to $8,000. The catch-up contribution was also $1000 in 2023.

What is the new 529 to Roth rule? ›

As of 2024, the following rules apply to 529 plan rollovers to Roth IRAs: The 529 plan must be under the beneficiary's name for a minimum of 15 years. Yearly conversions cannot exceed annual Roth IRA contribution limits. The lifetime 529 to Roth IRA rollover limit is $35,000.

When should I stop contributing to 529? ›

529 college savings plans do not have contribution deadlines. You may contribute to a 529 plan at any time throughout the year, and you do not have to stop making contributions once the beneficiary reaches a certain age.

What are the new rules for unused 529 funds? ›

If you or a family member has an open student loan balance, you can use up to $10,000 of the leftover 529 funds to pay those loans down. Signed into law in 2022, the SECURE 2.0 Act allows funds to be used to pay off both federal and private student loans.

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