Since the 1930s, talented artists have been behind the magic of Walt Disney. But, more often that not, we don’t know their names. So, here are 10 of the most famous Disney artists, and the iconic characters they created, from from Cinderella to Cruella De Vil.
Was Walt Disney a talented artist himself?
Walt Disney was not only a talented artist himself but also commercially-minded from the very start. As a child, he loved to draw and sold his first sketches to neighbours, friends and family. He hoped to become a newspaper cartoonist and, aged 18, secured a job as an illustrator for a local newspaper before moving into commercial art and advertising studios, where he met Ub Iwerks. Dissatisfied in their current roles, Disney and Iwerks ventured into animation together and in 1928 developed the animated character Mickey Mouse who first appeared in the 1928 short film Steamboat Willie. The rest, as they say, is history… and together they created other characters from Oswald the Lucky Rabbit to Donald Duck.
“I can never stand still. I must explore and experiment. I am never satisfied with my own work. I resent the limitations of my own imagination” – Walt Disney.
As the studio grew, Disney had hired a team of animators, illustrators and artists whose work he oversaw in the studio. The first group of these were known, and referred to affectionately by Walt himself, as his “Nine Old Men”. The group consisted of Milt Kahl, Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, Eric Larson, Ollie Johnston, Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, and John Lounsbery.
It’s said after hours he would look in the artists’ bins, pulling out crumpled paper to find discarded ideas and drawings he thought held promise. Welcoming a multiplicity of approaches and ideas for full-length feature films, Disney worked with his colleagues to successfully produce Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio and Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), Bambi (1942) and the list goes on. So here are 10 of the most famous Disney artists, from members of the original team of 9 and later animators hired by Walt himself to those still making Disney magic today.
History’s most famous Disney artists
Joe Grant
Joe Grant started his career as a staff illustrator for The Los Angeles Record, sketching weekly cartoons and caricatures of Hollywood celebrities. But when his drawings caught the eye of Walt Disney, he was hired to design caricatures for Mickey’s Gala Premiere in 1933. He went on to develop powerful characters such as the Queen and the Witch in Snow White, and contributed to the visual and character development of a number of features, including Pocahontas, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hercules, and Disney/Pixar’s Monsters, Inc. He worked four days a week at Disney until he passed away, a few days before his 97th birthday, on May 6, 2005.
Mary Blair
Initially disinterested in working as a concept artist, Mary Blair became Walt Disney’s favourite artist during the 1930s, when she played a hugely important role in redefining the look of the films. In the late 1930s, her husband Lee joinedThe Walt Disney Company. It wasn’t long before his team sought to hire his wife, whom they considered the “better” artist. Joining the Disney studio on April 11, 1940, she started creating story sketches for films such asDumbo(1941). However, again frustrated at being unable to express her own artistic vision, on June 13, 1941, Blair resigned.
Then, a month later, her husband came home with news that changed her mind: Walt Disney had announced that he was taking a small party of studio artists on a two-month trip to South America. Not wanting to miss out, Blair made an appointment with Disney, who rehired her and agreed that she could join the tour.
Returning to the studio, and inspired by the tropical landscapes she’d seen on her travels, Blair replaced earthy browns, blues, and greys with a more vivid palette. Disney was enchanted, as Blair remembered proudly: “Walt said that I knew about colour s that he had never heard of before”. Breathing new life into old fairy tales, Blair proceeded to work on classics from the 1940s to the 1960s, includingCinderella (1950), Alice Wonderland(1951) andPeter Pan(1953).
Marc Davis
Marc joined Disney in 1935 as an apprentice animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and moved on to story sketch and character design on Bambi, developing the characters of both Bambi and Thumper. Over the years, he animated characters from Tinker BelltoMaleficent,Auroraand the raven (inSleeping Beauty) and Cruella De Vil. He once said, “I rarely felt confined to the animation medium. I worked as an idea man and loved creating characters, whether they be for animation or any other medium.”
In 1961 Davis transferred to Disney’s design and development organization, today known as Walt Disney Imagineering. He was responsible for character design for both thePirates of the CaribbeanandHaunted Mansionattractions at Disneyland, also contributing to the Enchanted Tiki Room and Jungle Cruise, among many others.
Eyvind Earle
Earle moved Disney’s look on when he came to the Disney studio in 1951, bringing strong shapes and silhouettes to the aesthetic. He worked on background artwork and illustrations forPeter Pan, as well as other short films, but the pinnacle of his work for Disney was the landmark 1959 feature filmSleeping Beauty. He was responsible for this classic film’s overall production design, including styling, background, colour and character development, bringing the likes of Maleficent to life, as a terrifying black dragon. He’s inspired many artists working today, including Michael Giaimo.
Ken Anderson
In 1934, Ken Anderson was Idriving past the Walt Disney Studio when, on a whim, he pulled over to apply for a job. Good thing he did, as he fast became a key player in some of the studio’s most well-known animated films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, One Hundred and One Dalmatians and The Jungle Book. Among Anderson’s character creations were the evil Shere Khan in The Jungle Book, as well as the playful dragon Elliott in Pete’s Dragon. He was also the artist behind the Aristocats, taking a whole eighteen months to develop the adorable cats.
Who are the best Disney concept artists working today?
Tim Burton
In 1980, Tim Burton began his cinematic career as an apprentice animator for Walt Disney Studios. Early on, he worked as an animator, storyboard artist, graphic designer, art director, and concept artist on several films, including The Fox and the Hound (1981), Tron (1982), and The Black Cauldron (1985). However, Burton’s contributions never made it into the finished films, as it was agreed that his gothic aesthetic didn’t suit Disney’s style and audience – children.
Although recognising Burton’s talent and supporting some of his projects, Disney let him go. However, in the 1990s the pair reunited to create and produceThe Nightmare Before Christmas (1993). Based on a poem Burton wrote in 1982 (while working as a Disney animator), it tells the story ofJack Skellington, the King of Halloween Town who stumbles upon Christmas Town and plots to take over the holiday. Continuing to collaborate with Disney, Tim Burton’s most famous Disney characters and titles include James and the Giant Peach (1996), Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016).
Tony Fucile
During the first fifteen years of his career, Tony Fucile worked with pencil on paper to help bring life to characters including Ariel from The Little Mermaid, Aladdin, Esmerelda from The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Mufasa from The Lion King.A great storyteller, he then moved into computer animation at the studio Pixar, working on the filmsWall-E, Finding Nemo, RatatouilleandThe Incredibles,for which he was a supervising animator.
Michael Giaimo
Highly influenced by Eyvind Earle, Michael Giaimo brought his dramatic style to the designs for Pocahontas. As he has explained: “We took some research trips to Virginia, and after observing the flat planes and Virginia pines, I suggested that the Eyvind Earle aesthetic was the way to go. The cool and the warm temperatures against each other. Like Eyvind, I was not afraid to use black in our characters. I gave our villain Governor Ratcliffe a palate that was very unnatural to the forest, because he was the intruder.” He has also worked as visual development artist and director on the Frozen films where, once again, the strong verticals from Earle, appear in the characters, landscapes and even the snowflakes!
Norm and Griselda ‘Griz’ Lemay
Norm and Griz Lemay are ahusband-and-wife duowho both work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Norm is a storyboard artist who’s worked on Frozen, Big Hero 6, Zootopia, and Moana. Griz works as a visual development artist specialising in character and costume design and her contributions can be seen in Frozen 2, Wreck It Ralph 2, Moana, Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda and Puss in Boots.
Best books about Disney history and artists
If you want to discover more about the most famous and inspiring Disney artists, then here are some of the best books about Disney history. These have helped my own research and double up as beautiful coffee table books!
The Walt Disney Film Archives by Taschen, 2022
Art of Pixar: The Complete Colorscripts and Select Art from 25 Years of Animation, 2011
AND I also LOVE the boxes of collectible postcards featuring concept art by Disney artists (pictured above). I bought myself ‘The Art of Disney: The Golden Age (1937-1961)’ as it includes artwork by Mary Blair and Eyvind Earle, among others
As someone deeply immersed in the world of Disney artistry, I can attest to the profound impact that the studio's talented artists have had on the magic we all know and love. The legacy of Walt Disney is not only a story of visionary leadership but also a tale woven by the skilled hands and creative minds of numerous artists who have contributed to the iconic characters and visuals associated with the Disney brand.
Walt Disney's artistic journey began in his childhood, where he demonstrated both a passion for drawing and a keen entrepreneurial spirit by selling his sketches. This early interest eventually led him to a career in animation, and with Ub Iwerks, he co-created the beloved Mickey Mouse in 1928. This marked the beginning of Disney's ascent to becoming an entertainment giant. His relentless pursuit of innovation and exploration is encapsulated in his famous quote: "I can never stand still. I must explore and experiment. I am never satisfied with my own work. I resent the limitations of my own imagination."
As the Disney studio expanded, Walt Disney surrounded himself with a team of brilliant artists, famously known as the "Nine Old Men." This group, including Milt Kahl, Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, Eric Larson, Ollie Johnston, Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, and John Lounsbery, played a pivotal role in creating timeless classics such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi.
Diving into the profiles of some of the most renowned Disney artists, we uncover the fascinating stories of their contributions:
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Joe Grant: A staff illustrator turned character designer, Joe Grant's influence extended from Mickey's Gala Premiere in 1933 to iconic characters like the Queen and the Witch in Snow White. His legacy continued with contributions to Pocahontas, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hercules, and Monsters, Inc.
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Mary Blair: Initially hesitant about working as a concept artist, Mary Blair became a pivotal figure in redefining Disney's film aesthetics during the 1930s. Her vibrant palette, inspired by South American travels, breathed new life into classics such as Dumbo, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan.
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Marc Davis: Starting as an apprentice animator, Marc Davis's versatility shone through as he contributed to character design for Tinker Bell, Maleficent, Aurora, and Cruella De Vil. His later transition to Disney Imagineering marked a continued impact on attractions like Pirates of the Caribbean and Haunted Mansion.
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Eyvind Earle: Known for transforming Disney's look in 1951, Earle's strong shapes and silhouettes left an indelible mark on Sleeping Beauty. His artistic vision extended to character development, including the formidable Maleficent as a terrifying black dragon.
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Ken Anderson: A chance application in 1934 led Ken Anderson to become a key player in classics like Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, One Hundred and One Dalmatians, and The Jungle Book. His creations included the evil Shere Khan and the playful dragon Elliott.
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Tim Burton: Although initially parting ways with Disney due to stylistic differences, Tim Burton's unique gothic aesthetic found its place in The Nightmare Before Christmas, a collaboration that reunited him with Disney in the 1990s. His influence extended to projects like James and the Giant Peach, Alice in Wonderland, and Alice Through the Looking Glass.
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Tony Fucile: A transition from traditional animation to computer animation marked Tony Fucile's career, with contributions to beloved characters like Ariel, Aladdin, Esmerelda, and Mufasa. His storytelling prowess continued at Pixar with films like Wall-E, Finding Nemo, Ratatouille, and The Incredibles.
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Michael Giaimo: Influenced by Eyvind Earle, Giaimo's dramatic style shaped the designs for Pocahontas and Frozen films. His use of strong verticals, akin to Earle's, resonates in characters, landscapes, and even snowflakes.
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Norm and Griz Lemay: A husband-and-wife duo at Walt Disney Animation Studios, Norm's storyboard artistry and Griz's expertise in visual development, focusing on character and costume design, are evident in films like Frozen, Big Hero 6, Zootopia, Moana, Wreck It Ralph 2, Penguins of Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, and Puss in Boots.
In delving into the world of Disney history and artists, I recommend exploring some of the best books on the subject, such as "Ink & Paint: The Women of Walt Disney's Animation," "The Walt Disney Film Archives" by Taschen, and "Art of Pixar: The Complete Colorscripts and Select Art from 25 Years of Animation."
This journey through the annals of Disney artistry unveils not just the names but the stories behind the magic, showcasing a continuum of creativity that has shaped the enchanting world of Disney.
